Types of Disabilities

Disabilities can be divided into several categories.  One useful system for information designers is this:

·        Visual Impairments

·        Mobility Impairments

·        Hearing Impairments

·        Cognitive and Language Impairments

·        Seizure Disorders

It’s worth noting that for each of these categories, there is a range of limitations.  For instance, visual impairments can include not just blindness, but also color-blindness, far-sighted or near-sightedness, or tunnel vision.  Some people with hearing impairments may be able to hear some sounds, but may not be able to distinguish words.  Others may not be able to hear sounds at all.  Motion impairments can vary widely, from the aforementioned broken arm and RSI, to weakness in muscle control, to full paraplegia or quadraplegia.

Cognitive and language impairments include dyslexia, concentration problems, and difficulties with memory or sensory perception.  In some cases, simplifying an interface or language can help such individuals use the design or product.

Seizure disorders can be avoided simply by avoiding the patterns of light or sound (such as strobing) that can trigger epileptic seizures in susceptible individuals.

-- More Information --

There are many Web sites with information for and about people with disabilities.  One of the better ones is http://www.ebility.com, which includes links to medical resources, message forums and other community information, disability news, activism, and much more.  The site concentrates mainly on the concerns of the mobility-impaired but does include information for other disabilities as well.  For able-bodied folks, the site is a great way to become familiar with the culture and concerns of the disabled.

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