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Integration
"The
combining of artistic forms and technology into a hybrid form
of expression."
In 1849, German opera composer Richard Wagner wrote "The Artwork of the Future" in which he discussed the concept of "Total Artwork" or the integration of various art forms, such as dance, visual art and poetry, into a single, "totalizing" experience. Futurist Cinema In his Futurist Manifesto of 1916, Italian poet F.T. Marinetti stated that cinema had the potential to be one of the most dynamic of human expressions because of its ability to synthesize all of the traditional arts into a entirely new form. Collaboration As Billy Klüver was a laser systems engineer at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, he was also one of the chief pioneers behind the art and technology movement in 1960. He believed that technology was deeply intertwined in our lives, and therefore should be embraced by the arts. Klüver believed that artists were "visionaries about life" and that artists and engineers could have meaningful dialog. Artwork could incorporate technology as a new medium, and the artist and engineer would work as equal partners. Cybernated Art In the early 1960s, Korean American Nam June Paik was one of the early artists to integrate video, and is known as the father of video art. In his early works, he incorporated television and other electronic media, such as robotic devices and satellite art into enormous and pulsating video sculptures. Paik embraced information technology and through his art raised critical questions about our technology-driven society.
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